• Assessment and preparation of both the perineum and the birth canal
• Perineal massage: to increase tissue flexibility in preparation for the pushing stage
• Cervical pain and cervicobrachialgia
• Muscle contractures
• Oedema
• Lower back pain and lumbosciatica
• Plantar fasciitis

• Pelvic floor and abdominal assessment
• Scars (caesarean/tear/episiotomy): These must be assessed and treated to prevent myofascial adhesions that may limit the proper function of the ALPP Complex.
• Abdominal diastasis: Separation of the abdominal rectus muscles that does not return to its pre-pregnancy state and results in abdominal dysfunction.
• Urinary / faecal incontinence
• Dyspareunia
• Dysmenorrhoea
• Mastitis: Inflammation of breast tissue that may be accompanied by infection and causes pain, swelling, warmth, and redness of the breasts.

Any type of leakage of urine, faeces and/or gas—whether occasional or continuous—indicates some form of dysfunction within the pelvic-perineal system that should be assessed and treated through specialised pelvic floor physiotherapy.

Incompetence of the ligamentous and muscular support structures of the pelvic organs, resulting in their descent—and in some cases, protrusion—through the vaginal or rectal opening.

• Cystocele: Bladder prolapse
• Enterocele: Prolapse of the intestinal loops
• Uterine prolapse (Hysterocele): Prolapse of the uterus
• Rectocele: Rectal prolapse

• Constipation
• Fissures
• Haemorrhoids